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I joined the Centre for India-West Asia Dialogue last week for a 38-minute presentation on the “indirect war” between Israel and Iran in the Middle East.

Amid last month’s exchange of “demonstration” strikes by Iran and Israel on each other, I offer historical context for the tensions. I navigate 21st-century developments across the region before offering my assessment: while a direct war is still unlikely, the “indirect war” — from Syria to Lebanon to Palestine — will continue, with Israel’s open-ended attacks on Gaza providing both the motive and rationale for Tehran’s leadership.